Last login: Tue Jun 29 22:08:12 2021 from 192.168.3.47
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): ^C
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 17G 3.3M 100% /
devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.7M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev
agpgart dm-1 loop-control pts tty tty21 tty35 tty49 tty62 vcs vga_arbiter
autofs dmmidi mapper random tty0 tty22 tty36 tty5 tty63 vcs1 vhci
block dri mcelog raw tty1 tty23 tty37 tty50 tty7 vcs2 vhost-net
bsg fb0 mem rtc tty10 tty24 tty38 tty51 tty8 vcs3 vmci
btrfs-control fd midi rtc0 tty11 tty25 tty39 tty52 tty9 vcs4 zero
bus full mqueue sda tty12 tty26 tty4 tty53 ttyS0 vcs5
char fuse net sda1 tty13 tty27 tty40 tty54 ttyS1 vcs6
cl hidraw0 network_latency sda2 tty14 tty28 tty41 tty55 ttyS2 vcsa
console hpet network_throughput sg0 tty15 tty29 tty42 tty56 ttyS3 vcsa1
core hugepages null shm tty16 tty3 tty43 tty57 uhid vcsa2
cpu hwrng nvram snapshot tty17 tty30 tty44 tty58 uinput vcsa3
cpu_dma_latency initctl oldmem snd tty18 tty31 tty45 tty59 urandom vcsa4
crash input port stderr tty19 tty32 tty46 tty6 usbmon0 vcsa5
disk kmsg ppp stdin tty2 tty33 tty47 tty60 usbmon1 vcsa6
dm-0 log ptmx stdout tty20 tty34 tty48 tty61 usbmon2 vfio
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009dedb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@localhost dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009dedb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@localhost dev]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 17G 3.2M 100% /
devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.7M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost dev]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009dedb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040):
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-83886079, default 83886079):
Using default value 83886079
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost dev]# partprobe
[root@localhost dev]# ls
agpgart dmmidi mcelog rtc tty10 tty25 tty4 tty54 ttyS2 vcsa1
autofs dri mem rtc0 tty11 tty26 tty40 tty55 ttyS3 vcsa2
block fb0 midi sda tty12 tty27 tty41 tty56 uhid vcsa3
bsg fd mqueue sda1 tty13 tty28 tty42 tty57 uinput vcsa4
btrfs-control full net sda2 tty14 tty29 tty43 tty58 urandom vcsa5
bus fuse network_latency sda3 tty15 tty3 tty44 tty59 usbmon0 vcsa6
char hidraw0 network_throughput sg0 tty16 tty30 tty45 tty6 usbmon1 vfio
cl hpet null shm tty17 tty31 tty46 tty60 usbmon2 vga_arbiter
console hugepages nvram snapshot tty18 tty32 tty47 tty61 vcs vhci
core hwrng oldmem snd tty19 tty33 tty48 tty62 vcs1 vhost-net
cpu initctl port stderr tty2 tty34 tty49 tty63 vcs2 vmci
cpu_dma_latency input ppp stdin tty20 tty35 tty5 tty7 vcs3 zero
crash kmsg ptmx stdout tty21 tty36 tty50 tty8 vcs4
disk log pts tty tty22 tty37 tty51 tty9 vcs5
dm-0 loop-control random tty0 tty23 tty38 tty52 ttyS0 vcs6
dm-1 mapper raw tty1 tty24 tty39 tty53 ttyS1 vcsa
[root@localhost dev]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost dev]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" not found
Cannot process volume group centos
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID T7a0MM-htee-aJAT-PcIi-VnAL-RGe7-V2ofrS
lvm> ^C
[root@localhost dev]# reboot
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(MXVPN) at 23:55:53.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[e:\~]$
Connecting to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Tue Jun 29 23:13:50 2021 from 192.168.3.47
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009dedb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 83886079 20971520 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@localhost ~]# df -T /dev/sda1
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 189384 848952 19% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name cl
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID 83M3hh-NBTu-dAUM-ohQ0-TPun-i8dK-np2pW5
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 20.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID tNf51N-JJDs-sFQm-3PYT-sn62-8FMg-DosHQ3
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID T7a0MM-htee-aJAT-PcIi-VnAL-RGe7-V2ofrS
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend cl /dev/sda3
Volume group "cl" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +2559 /dev/cl/root
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 26.99 GiB (6910 extents).
Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 38.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9982
Alloc PE / Size 7422 / 28.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 2560 / 10.00 GiB
VG UUID T7a0MM-htee-aJAT-PcIi-VnAL-RGe7-V2ofrS
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name cl
LV UUID BxFDIE-Fqba-OdhL-63kB-RPLX-BBo2-wl6E87
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-17 22:17:07 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl/root
LV Name root
VG Name cl
LV UUID PylgYk-IZQG-tf3R-DYzF-R71V-MCBf-7ct6oe
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-17 22:17:07 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 26.99 GiB
Current LE 6910
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 7075840
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 27G 17G 10G 63% /
devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.7M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009dedb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 83886079 20971520 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 29.0 GB, 28982640640 bytes, 56606720 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +2560 /dev/cl/root
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from 26.99 GiB (6910 extents) to 36.99 GiB (9470 extents).
Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +2560 /dev/cl/root
Insufficient free space: 2560 extents needed, but only 0 available
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=7, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=7075840, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 7075840 to 9697280
[root@localhost ~]#
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